Index
array:33 [
"site" => Timber\Site {#7039
+id: null
+ID: null
+object_type: null
#wp_object: null
+admin_email: "info@tchak.be"
+blogname: null
+charset: "UTF-8"
+description: ""
+language: "fr_FR"
+multisite: false
+name: "Tchak"
+pingback: "https://tchak.be/wp/xmlrpc.php"
+pingback_url: "https://tchak.be/wp/xmlrpc.php"
+siteurl: null
+theme: Timber\Theme {#7040
+id: null
+ID: null
+object_type: null
+name: "Tchak"
+version: "1.0.0"
+parent: Timber\Theme {#7040}
+parent_slug: "tchak"
+slug: "tchak"
+uri: "https://tchak.be/app/themes/tchak"
-theme: WP_Theme {#7048
+update: false
-theme_root: "/var/www/tchak/www/tchak.be/web/app/themes"
-headers: array:17 [
"WC requires at least" => ""
"WC tested up to" => ""
"Woo" => ""
"Name" => "Tchak"
"ThemeURI" => ""
"Description" => "Theme to use with Timber"
"Author" => "Hypervision"
"AuthorURI" => ""
"Version" => "1.0.0"
"Template" => ""
"Status" => ""
"Tags" => ""
"TextDomain" => "tchak"
"DomainPath" => ""
"RequiresWP" => ""
"RequiresPHP" => ""
"UpdateURI" => ""
]
-headers_sanitized: array:2 [
"Name" => "Tchak"
"Version" => "1.0.0"
]
-block_theme: false
-name_translated: null
-errors: null
-stylesheet: "tchak"
-template: "tchak"
-parent: null
-theme_root_uri: "https://tchak.be/app/themes"
-textdomain_loaded: null
-cache_hash: "8f30869c71ab555295d4a8351d4ebbe1"
-block_template_folders: array:2 [
"wp_template" => "templates"
"wp_template_part" => "parts"
]
-default_template_folders: array:2 [
"wp_template" => "templates"
"wp_template_part" => "parts"
]
}
}
+title: "Tchak"
+url: "https://tchak.be"
+home_url: "https://tchak.be"
+site_url: "https://tchak.be/wp"
+rdf: "https://tchak.be/feed/rdf/"
+rss: "https://tchak.be/feed/rss/"
+rss2: "https://tchak.be/feed/"
+atom: "https://tchak.be/feed/atom/"
+blog_id: null
+domain: null
+path: null
+site_id: null
+registered: null
+last_updated: null
+public: null
+archived: null
+mature: null
+spam: null
+deleted: null
+lang_id: null
}
"theme" => Timber\Theme {#7040}
"user" => false
"http_host" => "https://tchak.be"
"wp_title" => "Bruno Schiffers, Author at Tchak"
"body_class" => "archive author author-bruno-schiffers author-35 woocommerce-no-js"
"is_home" => false
"is_front_page" => false
"is_single" => false
"is_page" => false
"is_archive" => true
"is_search" => false
"is_category" => false
"is_tag" => false
"is_author" => true
"is_user_logged_in" => false
"layout" => "default"
"ajax" => array:2 [
"url" => "https://tchak.be/wp/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"
"nonce" => "7767d835a7"
]
"options" => array:21 [
"blogpost_footer" => 411739
"comments_note" => "<p>Cet espace est le vôtre pour réagir, questionner et échanger. Merci de respecter notre\u{A0}<a href="https://tchak.be/charte-moderation-commentaires/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://tchak.be/actualites/notre-charte-relatives-aux-commentaires/&source=gmail&ust=1789501468952000&usg=AOvVaw3Sf8QRlaGDutusHDSXMqhC">charte des commentaires</a>.</p>\n"
"contact" => array:5 [
"email" => "info@tchak.be"
"address" => "Rue Céléstin Hastir 107, 5150 Floreffe"
"phone" => ""
"about" => "Tchak\u{A0}est un média d’investigation belge francophone piloté par une\u{A0}coopérative de presse. Son siège social est situé au 107, Rue Célestin Hastir, 5150 Floreffe. "
"cdj" => "Notre coopérative de presse est membre de l’Association pour l’autorégulation de la déontologie journalistique (AADJ/CDJ)."
]
"default_footer" => 171
"newsletter_list_id" => "1"
"newsletter_text" => "Une chouette façon de découvrir Tchak, d’apprivoiser notre ligne éditoriale et de voir en quoi nos enquêtes et nos articles peuvent vous intéresser."
"newsletter_title" => "Tchak dans votre boîte mail deux fois par mois"
"page_subscribe" => "https://tchak.be/abonnement-formules-type/"
"page_support" => "https://tchak.be/cofinancer-les-enquetes/"
"pages_blogpost" => array:1 [
"widget_list_id" => "df481d0e-cc77-4912-b77d-0c4c83e3276e"
]
"pages_post" => array:1 [
"widget_list_id" => "1c66bde5-4ce4-46ff-b32f-4e98b8dac5a4"
]
"paywall_form_text" => "Utilisez l’adresse e-mail associée à votre abonnement pour poursuivre votre lecture."
"paywall_form_title" => "Déjà abonné·e ? Connectez-vous"
"paywall_subscriptions" => array:3 [
0 => 878
1 => 877
2 => 410706
]
"paywall_text" => "Abonnez-vous pour poursuivre votre lecture et accéder à nos articles et numéros. Votre abonnement finance un journalisme combatif et fertile. Déjà abonné·e ? Connectez-vous plus bas."
"paywall_title" => "Vous voulez lire la suite ?"
"product_cat_footer" => 171
"product_footer" => false
"social" => array:4 [
"facebook" => "https://www.facebook.com/tchak.be/"
"twitter" => ""
"linkedin" => "https://www.linkedin.com/company/tchak-la-revue-paysanne-et-citoyenne/"
"instagram" => "https://www.instagram.com/tchak.be/"
]
"wc_page_create_account" => "https://tchak.be/mon-compte/creer-un-compte/"
"widgets" => array:2 [
0 => array:4 [
"title" => "Cet article vous a intéressé·e ?"
"text" => "Et si vous le faisiez découvrir à un·e de vos proches ? Offrez-lui Tchak pour un an. Une façon de faire circuler nos enquêtes et nos dossiers, tout en soutenant autrement notre média."
"link" => array:3 [
"title" => "Offrir un abo"
"url" => "https://tchak.be/abonnement-formules-type/"
"target" => ""
]
"uuid" => "1c66bde5-4ce4-46ff-b32f-4e98b8dac5a4"
]
1 => array:4 [
"title" => "Rejoignez la coopérative"
"text" => "Tchak ouvre son capital à un plus large public. À partir de 50 €, devenez coopérateur·rice et contribuez à donner une assise plus solide à notre média d’enquête. L’appel a obtenu le label Finance solidaire (Financité)."
"link" => array:3 [
"title" => "Découvrir l'appel"
"url" => "https://tchak.be/devenir-cooperateur·rice/"
"target" => ""
]
"uuid" => "df481d0e-cc77-4912-b77d-0c4c83e3276e"
]
]
]
"menus" => array:5 [
"primary" => Vision\Models\Menu {#7177
+id: 358
+ID: 358
+object_type: "term"
#wp_object: WP_Term {#7178
+term_id: 358
+name: "Principal"
+slug: "principal"
+term_group: 0
+term_taxonomy_id: 358
+taxonomy: "nav_menu"
+description: ""
+parent: 0
+count: 18
+filter: "raw"
}
+depth: 0
+items: array:5 [
0 => Timber\MenuItem {#7173
+id: 897
+ID: 897
+object_type: "post"
+children: []
+classes: array:6 [ …6]
+class: "menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-depth- menu-item-897"
+level: 0
+post_name: "parus-recemment"
+url: "https://tchak.be/articles/"
+type: "post_type"
#title: "Parus récemment"
+current: false
+current_item_parent: false
+current_item_ancestor: false
+object_id: "847"
+object: "page"
+post_author: "1"
+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:28:57"
+post_content: ""
+post_title: "Parus récemment"
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
+post_modified_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:40:42"
+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=897"
+menu_order: 1
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
+post_mime_type: ""
+comment_count: "0"
+filter: "raw"
#_name: ""
#_menu_item_url: null
#wp_object: WP_Post {#7118
+ID: 897
+post_author: "1"
+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:28:57"
+post_content: ""
+post_title: "Parus récemment"
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+post_name: "parus-recemment"
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
+post_modified_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:40:42"
+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=897"
+menu_order: 1
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
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+"db_id": 897
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"object_id": "847"
+"object": "page"
+"type": "post_type"
+"type_label": "Page"
+"url": "https://tchak.be/articles/"
+"title": "Parus récemment"
+"target": ""
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"classes": array:5 [ …5]
+"xfn": ""
+"current": false
+"current_item_ancestor": false
+"current_item_parent": false
}
#menu: Vision\Models\Menu {#7177}
+"db_id": 897
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"type_label": "Page"
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"xfn": ""
}
1 => Timber\MenuItem {#7633
+id: 411985
+ID: 411985
+object_type: "post"
+children: array:5 [ …5]
+classes: array:7 [ …7]
+class: "menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-depth- menu-item-411985"
+level: 0
+post_name: "categories"
+url: "#"
+type: "custom"
#title: "Catégories"
+current: false
+current_item_parent: false
+current_item_ancestor: false
+object_id: "411985"
+object: "custom"
+post_author: "2"
+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
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+post_content: ""
+post_title: "Catégories"
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+post_status: "publish"
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+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=411985"
+menu_order: 2
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
+post_mime_type: ""
+comment_count: "0"
+filter: "raw"
#_name: ""
#_menu_item_url: null
#wp_object: WP_Post {#7117
+ID: 411985
+post_author: "2"
+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:32:31"
+post_content: ""
+post_title: "Catégories"
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+post_name: "categories"
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
+post_modified_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:40:42"
+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=411985"
+menu_order: 2
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
+post_mime_type: ""
+comment_count: "0"
+filter: "raw"
+"db_id": 411985
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"object_id": "411985"
+"object": "custom"
+"type": "custom"
+"type_label": "Lien personnalisé"
+"title": "Catégories"
+"url": "#"
+"target": ""
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"classes": array:5 [ …5]
+"xfn": ""
+"current": false
+"current_item_ancestor": false
+"current_item_parent": false
}
#menu: Vision\Models\Menu {#7177}
+"db_id": 411985
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"type_label": "Lien personnalisé"
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"xfn": ""
}
2 => Timber\MenuItem {#7639
+id: 904
+ID: 904
+object_type: "post"
+children: array:4 [ …4]
+classes: array:7 [ …7]
+class: "menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-depth- menu-item-904"
+level: 0
+post_name: "formats"
+url: "#"
+type: "custom"
#title: "Formats"
+current: false
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+current_item_ancestor: false
+object_id: "904"
+object: "custom"
+post_author: "1"
+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:28:57"
+post_content: ""
+post_title: "Formats"
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
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+menu_order: 8
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
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#_name: ""
#_menu_item_url: null
#wp_object: WP_Post {#7111
+ID: 904
+post_author: "1"
+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:28:57"
+post_content: ""
+post_title: "Formats"
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+post_name: "formats"
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
+post_modified_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:40:42"
+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=904"
+menu_order: 8
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
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+comment_count: "0"
+filter: "raw"
+"db_id": 904
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"object_id": "904"
+"object": "custom"
+"type": "custom"
+"type_label": "Lien personnalisé"
+"title": "Formats"
+"url": "#"
+"target": ""
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"classes": array:5 [ …5]
+"xfn": ""
+"current": false
+"current_item_ancestor": false
+"current_item_parent": false
}
#menu: Vision\Models\Menu {#7177}
+"db_id": 904
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"type_label": "Lien personnalisé"
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"xfn": ""
}
3 => Timber\MenuItem {#7619
+id: 909
+ID: 909
+object_type: "post"
+children: array:3 [ …3]
+classes: array:7 [ …7]
+class: "menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-depth- menu-item-909"
+level: 0
+post_name: "tchak"
+url: "#"
+type: "custom"
#title: "Tchak"
+current: false
+current_item_parent: false
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+object_id: "909"
+object: "custom"
+post_author: "1"
+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:28:57"
+post_content: ""
+post_title: "Tchak"
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
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+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
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#_name: ""
#_menu_item_url: null
#wp_object: WP_Post {#7106
+ID: 909
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+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:40:42"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:28:57"
+post_content: ""
+post_title: "Tchak"
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+"object": "custom"
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+"xfn": ""
+"current": false
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}
#menu: Vision\Models\Menu {#7177}
+"db_id": 909
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"type_label": "Lien personnalisé"
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"xfn": ""
}
4 => Timber\MenuItem {#7615
+id: 913
+ID: 913
+object_type: "post"
+children: array:1 [ …1]
+classes: array:7 [ …7]
+class: "menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-depth- menu-item-913"
+level: 0
+post_name: "mentions-legales"
+url: "#"
+type: "custom"
#title: "Mentions légales"
+current: false
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+current_item_ancestor: false
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+post_content: ""
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#_menu_item_url: null
#wp_object: WP_Post {#7102
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+"type_label": "Lien personnalisé"
+"title": "Mentions légales"
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+"target": ""
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+"xfn": ""
+"current": false
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}
#menu: Vision\Models\Menu {#7177}
+"db_id": 913
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}
]
+term_id: 358
+name: "Principal"
+slug: "principal"
+title: "Principal"
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+term_taxonomy_id: 358
+taxonomy: "nav_menu"
+description: ""
+parent: 0
+count: 18
+filter: "raw"
+args: {#7632
+"menu": ""
+"container": "div"
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+"menu_class": "menu"
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+"echo": true
+"fallback_cb": "wp_page_menu"
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+"walker": ""
+"theme_location": "primary"
+"location": "primary"
}
-_current_item: null
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"menu" => ""
"container" => "div"
"container_class" => ""
"container_id" => ""
"container_aria_label" => ""
"menu_class" => "menu"
"menu_id" => ""
"echo" => true
"fallback_cb" => "wp_page_menu"
"before" => ""
"after" => ""
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1 => WP_Post {#7118}
2 => WP_Post {#7117}
3 => WP_Post {#7116
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4 => WP_Post {#7115
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5 => WP_Post {#7114
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6 => WP_Post {#7113
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7 => WP_Post {#7112
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8 => WP_Post {#7111}
9 => WP_Post {#7110
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10 => WP_Post {#7109
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11 => WP_Post {#7108
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}
12 => WP_Post {#7107
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}
13 => WP_Post {#7106}
14 => WP_Post {#7105
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}
15 => WP_Post {#7104
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}
16 => WP_Post {#7103
+ID: 911
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+"url": "https://tchak.be/points-de-vente/"
+"title": "Où acheter la revue ?"
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}
17 => WP_Post {#7102}
18 => WP_Post {#7101
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]
}
"secondary" => Vision\Models\Menu {#7645
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#wp_object: WP_Term {#7642
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}
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0 => Timber\MenuItem {#7644
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+ID: 890
+object_type: "post"
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+class: "menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-depth- menu-item-890"
+level: 0
+post_name: "les-plus-recents"
+url: "https://tchak.be/articles/"
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#title: "Les plus récents"
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#_name: ""
#_menu_item_url: null
#wp_object: WP_Post {#7612
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}
#menu: Vision\Models\Menu {#7645}
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}
1 => Timber\MenuItem {#7563
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+ID: 411989
+object_type: "post"
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+classes: array:5 [ …5]
+class: "menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-depth- menu-item-411989"
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#_name: ""
#_menu_item_url: null
#wp_object: WP_Post {#7611
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}
#menu: Vision\Models\Menu {#7645}
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+"type_label": "Catégorie"
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"xfn": ""
}
2 => Timber\MenuItem {#7564
+id: 411990
+ID: 411990
+object_type: "post"
+children: []
+classes: array:5 [ …5]
+class: "menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-depth- menu-item-411990"
+level: 0
+post_name: "411990"
+url: "https://tchak.be/categorie/alimentation/"
+type: "taxonomy"
#title: "Alimentation"
+current: false
+current_item_parent: false
+current_item_ancestor: false
+object_id: "69"
+object: "category"
+post_author: "2"
+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:43:19"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:43:19"
+post_content: " "
+post_title: ""
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-09-15 19:43:19"
+post_modified_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:43:19"
+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=411990"
+menu_order: 3
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
+post_mime_type: ""
+comment_count: "0"
+filter: "raw"
#_name: ""
#_menu_item_url: null
#wp_object: WP_Post {#7610
+ID: 411990
+post_author: "2"
+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:43:19"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:43:19"
+post_content: " "
+post_title: ""
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+post_name: "411990"
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-09-15 19:43:19"
+post_modified_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:43:19"
+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=411990"
+menu_order: 3
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
+post_mime_type: ""
+comment_count: "0"
+filter: "raw"
+"db_id": 411990
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"object_id": "69"
+"object": "category"
+"type": "taxonomy"
+"type_label": "Catégorie"
+"url": "https://tchak.be/categorie/alimentation/"
+"title": "Alimentation"
+"target": ""
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"classes": array:4 [ …4]
+"xfn": ""
+"current": false
+"current_item_ancestor": false
+"current_item_parent": false
}
#menu: Vision\Models\Menu {#7645}
+"db_id": 411990
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"type_label": "Catégorie"
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"xfn": ""
}
3 => Timber\MenuItem {#7565
+id: 411991
+ID: 411991
+object_type: "post"
+children: []
+classes: array:5 [ …5]
+class: "menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-depth- menu-item-411991"
+level: 0
+post_name: "411991"
+url: "https://tchak.be/categorie/environnement/"
+type: "taxonomy"
#title: "Environnement"
+current: false
+current_item_parent: false
+current_item_ancestor: false
+object_id: "35"
+object: "category"
+post_author: "2"
+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:43:20"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:43:20"
+post_content: " "
+post_title: ""
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-09-15 19:43:20"
+post_modified_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:43:20"
+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=411991"
+menu_order: 4
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
+post_mime_type: ""
+comment_count: "0"
+filter: "raw"
#_name: ""
#_menu_item_url: null
#wp_object: WP_Post {#7609
+ID: 411991
+post_author: "2"
+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:43:20"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:43:20"
+post_content: " "
+post_title: ""
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+post_name: "411991"
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-09-15 19:43:20"
+post_modified_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:43:20"
+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=411991"
+menu_order: 4
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
+post_mime_type: ""
+comment_count: "0"
+filter: "raw"
+"db_id": 411991
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"object_id": "35"
+"object": "category"
+"type": "taxonomy"
+"type_label": "Catégorie"
+"url": "https://tchak.be/categorie/environnement/"
+"title": "Environnement"
+"target": ""
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"classes": array:4 [ …4]
+"xfn": ""
+"current": false
+"current_item_ancestor": false
+"current_item_parent": false
}
#menu: Vision\Models\Menu {#7645}
+"db_id": 411991
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"type_label": "Catégorie"
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"xfn": ""
}
4 => Timber\MenuItem {#7561
+id: 892
+ID: 892
+object_type: "post"
+children: []
+classes: array:5 [ …5]
+class: "menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-depth- menu-item-892"
+level: 0
+post_name: "892"
+url: "https://tchak.be/categorie/sante/"
+type: "taxonomy"
#title: "Santé"
+current: false
+current_item_parent: false
+current_item_ancestor: false
+object_id: "36"
+object: "category"
+post_author: "1"
+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:43:20"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:26:14"
+post_content: " "
+post_title: ""
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-09-15 19:43:20"
+post_modified_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:43:20"
+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=892"
+menu_order: 5
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
+post_mime_type: ""
+comment_count: "0"
+filter: "raw"
#_name: ""
#_menu_item_url: null
#wp_object: WP_Post {#7608
+ID: 892
+post_author: "1"
+post_date: "2026-09-15 19:43:20"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:26:14"
+post_content: " "
+post_title: ""
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+post_name: "892"
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-09-15 19:43:20"
+post_modified_gmt: "2026-09-15 17:43:20"
+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=892"
+menu_order: 5
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
+post_mime_type: ""
+comment_count: "0"
+filter: "raw"
+"db_id": 892
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"object_id": "36"
+"object": "category"
+"type": "taxonomy"
+"type_label": "Catégorie"
+"url": "https://tchak.be/categorie/sante/"
+"title": "Santé"
+"target": ""
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"classes": array:4 [ …4]
+"xfn": ""
+"current": false
+"current_item_ancestor": false
+"current_item_parent": false
}
#menu: Vision\Models\Menu {#7645}
+"db_id": 892
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"type_label": "Catégorie"
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"xfn": ""
}
]
+term_id: 357
+name: "Secondaire"
+slug: "secondaire"
+title: "Secondaire"
+term_group: 0
+term_taxonomy_id: 357
+taxonomy: "nav_menu"
+description: ""
+parent: 0
+count: 5
+filter: "raw"
+args: {#7647
+"menu": ""
+"container": "div"
+"container_class": ""
+"container_id": ""
+"container_aria_label": ""
+"menu_class": "menu"
+"menu_id": ""
+"echo": true
+"fallback_cb": "wp_page_menu"
+"before": ""
+"after": ""
+"link_before": ""
+"link_after": ""
+"items_wrap": "<ul id="%1$s" class="%2$s">%3$s</ul>"
+"item_spacing": "preserve"
+"depth": 0
+"walker": ""
+"theme_location": "secondary"
+"location": "secondary"
}
-_current_item: null
+raw_args: array:19 [
"menu" => ""
"container" => "div"
"container_class" => ""
"container_id" => ""
"container_aria_label" => ""
"menu_class" => "menu"
"menu_id" => ""
"echo" => true
"fallback_cb" => "wp_page_menu"
"before" => ""
"after" => ""
"link_before" => ""
"link_after" => ""
"items_wrap" => "<ul id="%1$s" class="%2$s">%3$s</ul>"
"item_spacing" => "preserve"
"depth" => 0
"walker" => ""
"theme_location" => ""
"location" => "secondary"
]
+theme_location: "secondary"
#sorted_menu_items: array:5 [
1 => WP_Post {#7612}
2 => WP_Post {#7611}
3 => WP_Post {#7610}
4 => WP_Post {#7609}
5 => WP_Post {#7608}
]
}
"top" => Vision\Models\Menu {#7571
+id: 356
+ID: 356
+object_type: "term"
#wp_object: WP_Term {#7568
+term_id: 356
+name: "Top"
+slug: "top"
+term_group: 0
+term_taxonomy_id: 356
+taxonomy: "nav_menu"
+description: ""
+parent: 0
+count: 4
+filter: "raw"
}
+depth: 0
+items: array:4 [
0 => Timber\MenuItem {#7570
+id: 889
+ID: 889
+object_type: "post"
+children: []
+classes: array:5 [ …5]
+class: "menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-product_cat menu-depth- menu-item-889"
+level: 0
+post_name: "la-revue"
+url: "https://tchak.be/categorie-produit/revues/"
+type: "taxonomy"
#title: "La Revue"
+current: false
+current_item_parent: false
+current_item_ancestor: false
+object_id: "16"
+object: "product_cat"
+post_author: "1"
+post_date: "2026-08-21 14:24:40"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:24:40"
+post_content: ""
+post_title: "La Revue"
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-08-21 14:24:40"
+post_modified_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:24:40"
+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=889"
+menu_order: 1
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
+post_mime_type: ""
+comment_count: "0"
+filter: "raw"
#_name: ""
#_menu_item_url: null
#wp_object: WP_Post {#7577 …40}
#menu: Vision\Models\Menu {#7571}
+"db_id": 889
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"type_label": "Catégorie"
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"xfn": ""
}
1 => Timber\MenuItem {#7640
+id: 886
+ID: 886
+object_type: "post"
+children: []
+classes: array:5 [ …5]
+class: "menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-blogpost menu-depth- menu-item-886"
+level: 0
+post_name: "le-blog"
+url: "https://tchak.be/actualites/"
+type: "post_type_archive"
#title: "Le Blog"
+current: false
+current_item_parent: false
+current_item_ancestor: false
+object_id: "-93"
+object: "blogpost"
+post_author: "1"
+post_date: "2026-08-21 14:24:40"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:23:17"
+post_content: ""
+post_title: "Le Blog"
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-08-21 14:24:40"
+post_modified_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:24:40"
+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=886"
+menu_order: 2
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
+post_mime_type: ""
+comment_count: "0"
+filter: "raw"
#_name: ""
#_menu_item_url: null
#wp_object: WP_Post {#7578 …40}
#menu: Vision\Models\Menu {#7571}
+"db_id": 886
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"type_label": "Archive du type de publication"
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"xfn": ""
}
2 => Timber\MenuItem {#7135
+id: 887
+ID: 887
+object_type: "post"
+children: []
+classes: array:5 [ …5]
+class: "menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-depth- menu-item-887"
+level: 0
+post_name: "887"
+url: "https://tchak.be/a-propos/"
+type: "post_type"
#title: "À propos"
+current: false
+current_item_parent: false
+current_item_ancestor: false
+object_id: "851"
+object: "page"
+post_author: "1"
+post_date: "2026-08-21 14:24:40"
+post_date_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:23:37"
+post_content: " "
+post_title: ""
+post_excerpt: ""
+post_status: "publish"
+comment_status: "closed"
+ping_status: "closed"
+post_password: ""
+to_ping: ""
+pinged: ""
+post_modified: "2026-08-21 14:24:40"
+post_modified_gmt: "2026-08-21 12:24:40"
+post_content_filtered: ""
+post_parent: 0
+guid: "https://tchak.be/?p=887"
+menu_order: 3
+post_type: "nav_menu_item"
+post_mime_type: ""
+comment_count: "0"
+filter: "raw"
#_name: ""
#_menu_item_url: null
#wp_object: WP_Post {#7579 …40}
#menu: Vision\Models\Menu {#7571}
+"db_id": 887
+"menu_item_parent": "0"
+"type_label": "Page"
+"attr_title": ""
+"description": ""
+"xfn": ""
}
3 => Timber\MenuItem {#7134
+id: 888
+ID: 888
…46
}
]
+term_id: 356
+name: "Top"
+slug: "top"
+title: "Top"
+term_group: 0
+term_taxonomy_id: 356
+taxonomy: "nav_menu"
+description: ""
+parent: 0
+count: 4
+filter: "raw"
+args: {#7601
+"menu": ""
+"container": "div"
+"container_class": ""
+"container_id": ""
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+"menu_class": "menu"
+"menu_id": ""
+"echo": true
+"fallback_cb": "wp_page_menu"
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+"items_wrap": "<ul id="%1$s" class="%2$s">%3$s</ul>"
+"item_spacing": "preserve"
+"depth": 0
+"walker": ""
+"theme_location": "top"
+"location": "top"
}
-_current_item: null
+raw_args: array:19 [
"menu" => ""
"container" => "div"
"container_class" => ""
"container_id" => ""
"container_aria_label" => ""
"menu_class" => "menu"
"menu_id" => ""
"echo" => true
"fallback_cb" => "wp_page_menu"
"before" => ""
"after" => ""
"link_before" => ""
"link_after" => ""
"items_wrap" => "<ul id="%1$s" class="%2$s">%3$s</ul>"
"item_spacing" => "preserve"
"depth" => 0
"walker" => ""
"theme_location" => ""
"location" => "top"
]
+theme_location: "top"
#sorted_menu_items: array:4 [
1 => WP_Post {#7577 …40}
2 => WP_Post {#7578 …40}
3 => WP_Post {#7579 …40}
4 => WP_Post {#7580 …40}
]
}
"footer" => Vision\Models\Menu {#7613
+id: 359
+ID: 359
+object_type: "term"
#wp_object: WP_Term {#7573
+term_id: 359
+name: "Footer"
+slug: "footer"
+term_group: 0
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+taxonomy: "nav_menu"
+description: ""
+parent: 0
+count: 18
+filter: "raw"
}
+depth: 0
+items: array:3 [
0 => Timber\MenuItem {#7562 …48}
1 => Timber\MenuItem {#7436 …48}
2 => Timber\MenuItem {#7442 …48}
]
+term_id: 359
+name: "Footer"
+slug: "footer"
+title: "Footer"
+term_group: 0
+term_taxonomy_id: 359
+taxonomy: "nav_menu"
+description: ""
+parent: 0
+count: 18
+filter: "raw"
+args: {#7434
+"menu": ""
+"container": "div"
+"container_class": ""
+"container_id": ""
+"container_aria_label": ""
+"menu_class": "menu"
+"menu_id": ""
+"echo": true
+"fallback_cb": "wp_page_menu"
+"before": ""
+"after": ""
+"link_before": ""
+"link_after": ""
+"items_wrap": "<ul id="%1$s" class="%2$s">%3$s</ul>"
+"item_spacing": "preserve"
+"depth": 0
+"walker": ""
+"theme_location": "footer"
+"location": "footer"
}
-_current_item: null
+raw_args: array:19 [
"menu" => ""
"container" => "div"
"container_class" => ""
"container_id" => ""
"container_aria_label" => ""
"menu_class" => "menu"
"menu_id" => ""
"echo" => true
"fallback_cb" => "wp_page_menu"
"before" => ""
"after" => ""
"link_before" => ""
"link_after" => ""
"items_wrap" => "<ul id="%1$s" class="%2$s">%3$s</ul>"
"item_spacing" => "preserve"
"depth" => 0
"walker" => ""
"theme_location" => ""
"location" => "footer"
]
+theme_location: "footer"
#sorted_menu_items: array:18 [
1 => WP_Post {#7566 …40}
2 => WP_Post {#7576 …40}
3 => WP_Post {#7154 …40}
4 => WP_Post {#7646 …40}
5 => WP_Post {#7558 …40}
6 => WP_Post {#7557 …40}
7 => WP_Post {#7556 …40}
8 => WP_Post {#7555 …40}
9 => WP_Post {#7554 …40}
10 => WP_Post {#7553 …40}
11 => WP_Post {#7552 …40}
12 => WP_Post {#7551 …40}
13 => WP_Post {#7550 …40}
14 => WP_Post {#7549 …40}
15 => WP_Post {#7548 …40}
16 => WP_Post {#7547 …40}
17 => WP_Post {#7546 …40}
18 => WP_Post {#7545 …40}
]
}
"credits" => Vision\Models\Menu {#7426
+id: 360
+ID: 360
+object_type: "term"
#wp_object: WP_Term {#7429
+term_id: 360
+name: "Crédits"
+slug: "credits"
+term_group: 0
+term_taxonomy_id: 360
+taxonomy: "nav_menu"
+description: ""
+parent: 0
+count: 1
+filter: "raw"
}
+depth: 0
+items: array:1 [
0 => Timber\MenuItem {#7414 …48}
]
+term_id: 360
+name: "Crédits"
+slug: "credits"
+title: "Crédits"
+term_group: 0
+term_taxonomy_id: 360
+taxonomy: "nav_menu"
+description: ""
+parent: 0
+count: 1
+filter: "raw"
+args: {#7427
+"menu": ""
+"container": "div"
+"container_class": ""
+"container_id": ""
+"container_aria_label": ""
+"menu_class": "menu"
+"menu_id": ""
+"echo": true
+"fallback_cb": "wp_page_menu"
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+"link_before": ""
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+"items_wrap": "<ul id="%1$s" class="%2$s">%3$s</ul>"
+"item_spacing": "preserve"
+"depth": 0
+"walker": ""
+"theme_location": "credits"
+"location": "credits"
}
-_current_item: null
+raw_args: array:19 [
"menu" => ""
"container" => "div"
"container_class" => ""
"container_id" => ""
"container_aria_label" => ""
"menu_class" => "menu"
"menu_id" => ""
"echo" => true
"fallback_cb" => "wp_page_menu"
"before" => ""
"after" => ""
"link_before" => ""
"link_after" => ""
"items_wrap" => "<ul id="%1$s" class="%2$s">%3$s</ul>"
"item_spacing" => "preserve"
"depth" => 0
"walker" => ""
"theme_location" => ""
"location" => "credits"
]
+theme_location: "credits"
#sorted_menu_items: array:1 [
1 => WP_Post {#7421 …40}
]
}
]
"archive" => array:3 [
"title" => "Auteur/autrice\u{A0}: Bruno Schiffers"
"description" => "a été professeur et responsable du Laboratoire de Phytopharmacie de Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège) jusque fin 2018. Il est aujourd’hui professeur invité à l’UNamur en santé environnementale. L'été 2025, il été auditionné sur le sujet des pesticides au Parlement wallon, aux côtés de la Société scientifique de médecine générale (SSMG)."
"pagination" => array:5 [
"current" => 1
"total" => 1
"prev" => null
"next" => null
"pages" => array:1 [
0 => array:3 [ …3]
]
]
]
"query" => array:2 [
"posts" => Timber\PostQuery {#7428
+found_posts: 1
#userQuery: null
#wp_query: WP_Query {#3041
+query: array:1 [
"author_name" => "bruno-schiffers"
]
+query_vars: array:65 [
"author_name" => "bruno-schiffers"
"error" => ""
"m" => ""
"p" => 0
"post_parent" => ""
"subpost" => ""
"subpost_id" => ""
"attachment" => ""
"attachment_id" => 0
"name" => ""
"pagename" => ""
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"second" => ""
"minute" => ""
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"""
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<!-- wp:paragraph {"dropCap":true} -->\n
<p class="has-drop-cap">Sécheresses, ravageurs, maladies : hier, les paysans affrontaient les caprices de la nature. Aujourd’hui, ce sont les pesticides, engrais et biotechnologies qui posent de nouvelles menaces, invisibles, diffuses, parfois irréversibles.</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p>Alors, quelques questions s’imposent :</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list -->\n
<ul class="wp-block-list"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>Cultiver l’abondance et semer le risque : jusqu’où pouvons-nous accepter que la production agricole mette en jeu notre santé, notre environnement… et l’avenir même des générations futures ?</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>Les bénéfices attendus de la technologie peuvent-ils justifier une prise de risque dont nous ne maîtrisons ni l’ampleur ni la durée ?</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>Le débat sur ce qui est un risque acceptable peut-il rester l’affaire des seuls experts et politiques… sans que les citoyens y reprennent toute leur place ?</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item --></ul>\n
<!-- /wp:list -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p>Comme l’avait anticipé Hans Jonas (1979)<sup>[1]</sup>, les technologies modernes engagent la survie de l’humanité. Le défi contemporain n’est plus seulement de gérer les risques au coup par coup, mais de repenser nos modes de production, nos modèles agricoles et nos choix énergétiques à l’aune d’une éthique de la responsabilité. Celle-ci implique :</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list -->\n
<ul class="wp-block-list"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>De ne pas transférer les risques d’une génération à l’autre ;</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>De réduire les inégalités face à l’exposition aux dangers ;</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>De réhabiliter des pratiques agricoles durables et respectueuses des écosystèmes ;</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>De construire une gouvernance des risques transparente, participative et démocratique.</li>\n
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<!-- /wp:list -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:quote -->\n
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote"><!-- wp:pullquote -->\n
<figure class="wp-block-pullquote"><blockquote><p>Le défi contemporain n’est plus seulement de gérer les risques au coup par coup, mais de repenser nos modes de production, nos modèles agricoles et nos choix énergétiques à l’aune d’une éthique de la responsabilité.</p><cite>Bruno Schiffers</cite></blockquote></figure>\n
<!-- /wp:pullquote --></blockquote>\n
<!-- /wp:quote -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p>Face aux incertitudes, le principe de précaution s’est imposé comme un garde-fou indispensable. Mais il ne résout pas toutes les tensions : d’un côté, les promoteurs de l’innovation dénoncent un frein au progrès ; de l’autre, les défenseurs de la santé et de l’environnement rappellent la nécessité d’agir avant qu’il ne soit trop tard.</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p>Les débats sur les OGM, le glyphosate, les néonicotinoïdes ou les PFAS montrent à quel point la gouvernance des risques est devenue un champ de bataille entre intérêts économiques, expertise scientifique, mobilisations citoyennes et décisions politiques. La « risk governance » (Renn, 2008)<sup>[2]</sup> propose un cadre qui dépasse la simple évaluation scientifique en y intégrant la participation citoyenne et la délibération démocratique. C’est une voie possible et souhaitable pour réconcilier science, politique et société.</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p>Ainsi, l’étude des risques engendrés par le modèle agricole actuel n’est pas seulement une analyse technique : elle devient une clé de lecture de nos sociétés, de leurs choix collectifs et de leurs contradictions. Elle invite à construire une nouvelle culture du risque, fondée sur la précaution, la justice et la responsabilité, condition indispensable pour préparer un avenir viable.</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p>Cependant, les défis d’aujourd’hui dépassent largement la question des seuls pesticides. Le dérèglement climatique, l’effondrement de la biodiversité, les polluants éternels (PFAS, microplastiques), les risques sanitaires mondiaux (explosion des maladies chroniques et des troubles du comportement, régression de la fertilité humaine, pandémies) posent des questions inédites d’acceptabilité et de responsabilité. Ces risques, tels ceux liés à l’agriculture conventionnelle, sont marqués par :</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list -->\n
<ul class="wp-block-list"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>Leur caractère global et irréversible ;</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
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<li>Leur dimension intergénérationnelle (les choix d’aujourd’hui conditionnent l’avenir des générations futures) ;</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>Leur injustice sociale (les plus vulnérables sont souvent les plus exposés).</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item --></ul>\n
<!-- /wp:list -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p>En définitive, parler du risque agricole et environnemental, ce n’est pas seulement évoquer une donnée technique. C’est interroger les choix collectifs qui organisent notre rapport au monde, aux autres et aux générations futures. La culture moderne du risque s’est longtemps construite sur l’idée que la science et la technologie permettraient de maîtriser les dangers.</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p>Mais l’expérience accumulée – pesticides, nucléaire, OGM, PFAS, climat – montre les limites de cette croyance. L’enjeu aujourd’hui est de reconstruire une culture du risque fondée sur trois principes :</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list -->\n
<ul class="wp-block-list"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>La précaution, face à des incertitudes irréductibles\u{A0};</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>La justice, pour que les coûts ne soient pas supportés par les plus vulnérables\u{A0};</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>La responsabilité, pour préserver les conditions d’existence des générations futures.</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item --></ul>\n
<!-- /wp:list -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p>C’est à cette condition que nos sociétés pourront répondre aux défis d’une époque où, plus que jamais, la manière dont nous produisons, consommons et décidons détermine l’avenir de l’humanité et de la planète.</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:separator -->\n
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>\n
<!-- /wp:separator -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p><strong>[1]</strong> Jonas, H. (1979). Das Prinzip Verantwortung: Versuch einer Ethik für die technologische Zivilisation. Insel Verlag. [Trad. fr. : Le principe responsabilité. Flammarion, 1990].</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p><strong>[2]</strong> Renn, O. (2008). Risk governance: Coping with uncertainty in a complex world. Earthscan.</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->
"""
+post_title: "Pesticides\u{A0}: pas de débat sans les citoyen·nes, plaide Bruno Schiffers"
+post_excerpt: "L’évaluation des risques – environnementaux et sanitaires – de l’usage des substances chimiques en agriculture doit intégrer la participation citoyenne et la délibération démocratique, plaide Bruno Schiffers dans cette carte blanche. Professeur et responsable de Laboratoire de Phytopharmacie de Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège) jusque fin 2018, il est aujourd’hui professeur invité à l’UNamur en santé environnementale."
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+post: WP_Post {#7034}
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More info: https://timber.github.io/docs/v2/guides/posts/#debugging-post-collections\n
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********************************************************************************
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posts: array:1 [
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storage: array:1 [
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+description: "a été professeur et responsable du Laboratoire de Phytopharmacie de Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège) jusque fin 2018. Il est aujourd’hui professeur invité à l’UNamur en santé environnementale. L'été 2025, il été auditionné sur le sujet des pesticides au Parlement wallon, aux côtés de la Société scientifique de médecine générale (SSMG)."
}
"posts" => Timber\PostQuery {#7424
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info: """
\n
********************************************************************************\n
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This output is generated by Timber\PostQuery::__debugInfo().\n
\n
The properties you see here are not actual properties, but only debug\n
output. If you want to access the actual instances of Timber\Posts, loop\n
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\n
More info: https://timber.github.io/docs/v2/guides/posts/#debugging-post-collections\n
\n
********************************************************************************
"""
posts: array:1 [
0 => Vision\Models\Post {#7675
+id: 300176
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#wp_object: WP_Post {#7034}
#___content: null
#_permalink: null
#_next: []
#_prev: []
#_ancestors: null
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+post_author: "35"
+post_content: """
<!-- wp:paragraph {"dropCap":true} -->\n
<p class="has-drop-cap">Sécheresses, ravageurs, maladies : hier, les paysans affrontaient les caprices de la nature. Aujourd’hui, ce sont les pesticides, engrais et biotechnologies qui posent de nouvelles menaces, invisibles, diffuses, parfois irréversibles.</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p>Alors, quelques questions s’imposent :</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list -->\n
<ul class="wp-block-list"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>Cultiver l’abondance et semer le risque : jusqu’où pouvons-nous accepter que la production agricole mette en jeu notre santé, notre environnement… et l’avenir même des générations futures ?</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>Les bénéfices attendus de la technologie peuvent-ils justifier une prise de risque dont nous ne maîtrisons ni l’ampleur ni la durée ?</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>Le débat sur ce qui est un risque acceptable peut-il rester l’affaire des seuls experts et politiques… sans que les citoyens y reprennent toute leur place ?</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item --></ul>\n
<!-- /wp:list -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p>Comme l’avait anticipé Hans Jonas (1979)<sup>[1]</sup>, les technologies modernes engagent la survie de l’humanité. Le défi contemporain n’est plus seulement de gérer les risques au coup par coup, mais de repenser nos modes de production, nos modèles agricoles et nos choix énergétiques à l’aune d’une éthique de la responsabilité. Celle-ci implique :</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list -->\n
<ul class="wp-block-list"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>De ne pas transférer les risques d’une génération à l’autre ;</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>De réduire les inégalités face à l’exposition aux dangers ;</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>De réhabiliter des pratiques agricoles durables et respectueuses des écosystèmes ;</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>De construire une gouvernance des risques transparente, participative et démocratique.</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item --></ul>\n
<!-- /wp:list -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:quote -->\n
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote"><!-- wp:pullquote -->\n
<figure class="wp-block-pullquote"><blockquote><p>Le défi contemporain n’est plus seulement de gérer les risques au coup par coup, mais de repenser nos modes de production, nos modèles agricoles et nos choix énergétiques à l’aune d’une éthique de la responsabilité.</p><cite>Bruno Schiffers</cite></blockquote></figure>\n
<!-- /wp:pullquote --></blockquote>\n
<!-- /wp:quote -->\n
\n
<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n
<p>Face aux incertitudes, le principe de précaution s’est imposé comme un garde-fou indispensable. Mais il ne résout pas toutes les tensions : d’un côté, les promoteurs de l’innovation dénoncent un frein au progrès ; de l’autre, les défenseurs de la santé et de l’environnement rappellent la nécessité d’agir avant qu’il ne soit trop tard.</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
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<p>Les débats sur les OGM, le glyphosate, les néonicotinoïdes ou les PFAS montrent à quel point la gouvernance des risques est devenue un champ de bataille entre intérêts économiques, expertise scientifique, mobilisations citoyennes et décisions politiques. La « risk governance » (Renn, 2008)<sup>[2]</sup> propose un cadre qui dépasse la simple évaluation scientifique en y intégrant la participation citoyenne et la délibération démocratique. C’est une voie possible et souhaitable pour réconcilier science, politique et société.</p>\n
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<p>Ainsi, l’étude des risques engendrés par le modèle agricole actuel n’est pas seulement une analyse technique : elle devient une clé de lecture de nos sociétés, de leurs choix collectifs et de leurs contradictions. Elle invite à construire une nouvelle culture du risque, fondée sur la précaution, la justice et la responsabilité, condition indispensable pour préparer un avenir viable.</p>\n
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<p>Cependant, les défis d’aujourd’hui dépassent largement la question des seuls pesticides. Le dérèglement climatique, l’effondrement de la biodiversité, les polluants éternels (PFAS, microplastiques), les risques sanitaires mondiaux (explosion des maladies chroniques et des troubles du comportement, régression de la fertilité humaine, pandémies) posent des questions inédites d’acceptabilité et de responsabilité. Ces risques, tels ceux liés à l’agriculture conventionnelle, sont marqués par :</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
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<ul class="wp-block-list"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>Leur caractère global et irréversible ;</li>\n
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<li>Leur dimension intergénérationnelle (les choix d’aujourd’hui conditionnent l’avenir des générations futures) ;</li>\n
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<li>Leur injustice sociale (les plus vulnérables sont souvent les plus exposés).</li>\n
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\n
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<p>En définitive, parler du risque agricole et environnemental, ce n’est pas seulement évoquer une donnée technique. C’est interroger les choix collectifs qui organisent notre rapport au monde, aux autres et aux générations futures. La culture moderne du risque s’est longtemps construite sur l’idée que la science et la technologie permettraient de maîtriser les dangers.</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
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<p>Mais l’expérience accumulée – pesticides, nucléaire, OGM, PFAS, climat – montre les limites de cette croyance. L’enjeu aujourd’hui est de reconstruire une culture du risque fondée sur trois principes :</p>\n
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n
\n
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<ul class="wp-block-list"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n
<li>La précaution, face à des incertitudes irréductibles\u{A0};</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
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<li>La justice, pour que les coûts ne soient pas supportés par les plus vulnérables\u{A0};</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item -->\n
\n
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<li>La responsabilité, pour préserver les conditions d’existence des générations futures.</li>\n
<!-- /wp:list-item --></ul>\n
<!-- /wp:list -->\n
\n
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<p>C’est à cette condition que nos sociétés pourront répondre aux défis d’une époque où, plus que jamais, la manière dont nous produisons, consommons et décidons détermine l’avenir de l’humanité et de la planète.</p>\n
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<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>\n
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<p><strong>[1]</strong> Jonas, H. (1979). Das Prinzip Verantwortung: Versuch einer Ethik für die technologische Zivilisation. Insel Verlag. [Trad. fr. : Le principe responsabilité. Flammarion, 1990].</p>\n
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\n
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<p><strong>[2]</strong> Renn, O. (2008). Risk governance: Coping with uncertainty in a complex world. Earthscan.</p>\n
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"""
+post_date: "2025-12-27 17:28:00"
+post_excerpt: "L’évaluation des risques – environnementaux et sanitaires – de l’usage des substances chimiques en agriculture doit intégrer la participation citoyenne et la délibération démocratique, plaide Bruno Schiffers dans cette carte blanche. Professeur et responsable de Laboratoire de Phytopharmacie de Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège) jusque fin 2018, il est aujourd’hui professeur invité à l’UNamur en santé environnementale."
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+post_title: "Pesticides\u{A0}: pas de débat sans les citoyen·nes, plaide Bruno Schiffers"
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